This palace is in a park adjoining the governor's edifice in Roodsar. The main plan of the palace is rectangular, with two horse shoe shaped vicinities in the northern wing. This two-storied building with a gable roof was exclusively built as a temporary residence for Reza Shah.
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The original buildings are related to the Qajar era. These were constructed by the Russians and later renovated during the Pahlavi period. The music building was constructed on Grecian lines, as the architect was a Greek. The dome of the structure is supported by eight spherical pillars. Being utilized by the musicians of the forces, it came to be known as the music building. The ship maintenance and repair as well as the other sections, which were the modern establishments of the times, are still of interest and importance. Two custom houses and the naval base are monuments of the Pahlavi period.
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This palace was constructed under the orders of Pahlavi I, in the midst of a 17 hectare garden in the Port of Anzali. The building has an area of 1,168 sq. m. and consists of halls, saloons, chambers and other sections. On its ceilings and walls are skillful effects of plaster and embossed works. In the northern wing there is a large gateway which adjoins the parlor. On the sides of the staircases are windows imprinted with figures of the sun. The most beautiful part of the palace is the winding staircase which finds its way to the roof.
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These palaces are located in the villages of 'Maryan' and 'Aqaloo'. Zarqamol Saltaneh was one of the rulers of 'Gorgan Rood River'. Each of these palaces is composed of three divisions named as, the noble class, the barracks and the stables. The above mentioned palaces were set ablaze during the Constitutional Movement. By investing on these structures in their reconstruction, the same could be promising sight-seeing vicinities in Gilan.
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This palace is situated in the city of Hashtpar and has an architectural combination of the traditional Iranian and western styles. It dates back to the Qajar period and has a gable roof. The structure has eight doors, thereby the name of the city is 'Hashtbar', which later came to be known as 'Hashtpar' (Hasht meaning eight in the Persian language). Currently Hashtpar is called Talesh and the said palace is still a place of interest there.
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Other historical monuments are the Post Office, Iran Hotel, the ex-Commanders edifice, the Pavillion in Rasht, the Mowtamedi building, the Municipality and Dawoodzadeh buildings in Bandar Anzali, the small and large arcade, Chini Chiyan, Golshan, Mohtasham, Mirza Ahmad and Ahan in Rasht related to the Qajar era, the Sardar Amjad edifice in Talesh and the Nahar Khoran palace in Roodsar related to the Pahlavi period.
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On the eastern fringes of the Sefid Rood River in Roodbar, is a beautiful valley called 'Gowhar Rood'. Nestling in this valley are both large and small archaeological hillocks. Amongst which are the 5 hillocks of Marlik, Zainab, Beejar, Peelaqaleh and Jazemkool. These are vital and valuable remnants. Marlik is a natural hillock and its rocky structure reveals rich composites of iron sulphate.
Some research workers believe that Marlik has attained its name from the innumerable snakes that have inhabited it. (As 'Mar' means snake in the Persian language). Whereas, some believe that the treasures of Marlik are related to the Amard Clan. In the studies performed on this site, a large number of broken earthenware pieces can be noted. Moreover, in the excavations carried out two tiny statues of cows in admiralty metal, two cylindrical seals, fourteen gold buttons and other unique objects have been discovered. In this hillock, there are the remnants of a quadrangular structure with an approximate area of 30 sq. m. the same probably being a tomb or temple.
This hillock was also a site where the local commanders or princes who ruled in the 2nd or 1st millennium B.C. were laid to rest. According to the tradition of the times, the dead were buried along with their treasures. About 25 tombs have been discovered, in some of which are human carcasses, besides which, articles such as earthenware and bronze vessels, decorative buttons, arrows, swords, spears, bronze and earthenware statues, daggers, helmets etc. have been discovered. Fabrics from this site have come to hand that determine the fact that weaving was a progressive technology in Iran thousands of years ago, and more so in Gilan. About 11 seals have been discovered in these excavations, and these have interesting designs and patterns on them. There is a seal engraved in the Cuneiform script.
According to archaeologists, the same dates to a millennium B.C. Excavations of Marlik are spectacular and outstanding in the world. Valuable articles such as, gold, silver and bronze cups, chinaware and mosaic have also come to hand. The Marlik Cup is unique and is 18 cm. in height and is of pure gold. The center of which reveals the pattern of the tree of life, with two bewigged cows on either side. At the base of the cup is a beautiful flower intricately engraved.
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Other such sites in Gilan Province are : Rostam Abad, comprising of archaic cemeteries; the archaeological sites of Haleemjan and Shahran Villages, comprising of Shahpeer, Lameh Rafeen, Rak and Lat; Daylaman consisting of Qaleh Kuti, Koohpas and Hassan Mahaleh which have a long past history; Amarloo consisting of Asiabar, Damesh, Kherschak, Karafschal etc. Besides which are Gardkool, Patape Goor at a distance of 12 km. from Tonekabon (Roodbar), related to the first millennium B.C; the Imam Vasman archaeological site comprising of Boneh Zamin, Chakrud, Siyah Kooh, Imam, Semam and Kojid.
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In the village of Bond Bon Qasem Abad, there is an ancient tower rising to an altitude of 12 m. which was utilized for defensive purposes. This tower is a part of a huge castle, and a watch tower which is in its south wing, overlooks the Bond Bon Village. This still is intact as there are no other remnants of the main structure, except for a stony rampart.
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This important and historical castle is situated 16 km. to the south east of Fooman. The same is an immense and fortified structure, covering an area of 5 hectares. It is built of stone, brick and mortar. The only entrance is to the south east, adjacent to which are two defense towers. There is a flow of water within the premises throughout the year. Although with the passage of time, the growth of shrubs has caused damage to the castle, it can be stated that the same is one of the most intact castles in Iran. According to some valid historical documents, this structure was one of the fortified bases of the Esmailians. A group of experts believe that this castle dates to the Samanian period and was renovated several times in the past.
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The same is located on a hill in the Hareh Dasht region, 18 km. from Talesh. It is constructed of stone, mortar, a kind of white mortar and brick. This magnificent structure is relevant to the Saljuqi period. It comprises of an alcove, sentry picket, water reservoir and stable. Its mode of architecture is indicative of an ancient culture and civilization in the region. From the point of tourism and historical researches this historical castle is very important.
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Other castles of the province are: The Gol Castle near Keesh Khani Masal; the Teimoor-e-Lang Castle in Alian; the Allah Dadeh Kooh en route to Kord Mahaleh; the Chehel Gaz Khal Castle in the Sheer Kooh village; the Shanidan Castle to the west of Astara; the Mazu Dasht Castle in the Roodga Gorge; the Tul Lat and Dozdban Castle en route from Lahijan to Langerood; Mojaver Castle in Astara; Tarom Castle in Roodbar; the Alan Kalong Castle in Kojid village and Kafer Castle in Daylaman.
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The tomb of this Gnostic lies in Bazkia Goorab, between Astaneh Ashrafieh and Lahijan. The mausoleum is an archaic brick structure. Its flooring is of green ancient tiles and its court-yard covered with rounded arches, with an indiscreet dome under the ceiling. Other spectacular features of this structure are its intricate work of vaulted gypsum and earthenware.
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The same is located in the Zalkeh Village of Lahijan. It is a rectangular structure with four porches on the four sides. There are four columns facing the entrance. These have been carved exquisitely according to traditional design. The tomb has a chest dating 948 A.H. Sheikh Abolvajieh was a great Gnostic of his times who lived in the early 9th century A.H.
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Dr. Mohammad Moein, a great personality in the field of Persian literature was the compiler of the Persian Encyclopedia. This tomb attracts those devout to the literature of the land.
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The said tomb is located on a hillock overlooking the tea plantations of Lahijan. Haji Mohammad Mirza, reputedly known as Kashef-ol-Saltaneh, impersonated as an army general set off for India. Here he learned the tea planting expertise and brought back saplings of the same to Iran. This personality was responsible for setting up tea plantations in the region of Lahijan after much endeavor. Those connected to this industry in Gilan owe their livelihood to this great man.
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The tomb of Mirza Kuchak Khan Jangali, reputedly known as Sardar-e-Jangal is located in the south of Rasht. This simple and at the same time beautiful monument is held in high respect of all who visit the vicinity.
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The same is located at a distance of 3 km. North West of the city of Astara. This personality is a great and honored Gnostic. The structure is an archaic one and has been constructed of brick. There is a slab of marble in its anteroom, which is beautifully engraved with floral design and displays the date of 942 A.H.
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The said is located in the village of Darsara, 5 km. to the east of Rezvan Shahr. Due to holding the great Gnostic and poet of the 8th century in high esteem, the vicinity has come to be known as Seyed Sharaf Shah or Seyed Sharafeddin. The structure is a large one and is constructed of brick and marble. There is another tomb in this village which is believed to be that of the mother of Seyed Sharaf Shah.
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This historical structure is situated in the Sheikhanvar village of Lahijan. The same is relevant to Tajeddin Ebrahim or Sheikh Zahed Gilani. The structure covered with earthenware tiles is of a pyramid shape, with a pointed dome and ceiling of plaster work. The only inscription on the wooden chest on the tomb reveals the date of 832 A.H. The architectural style of the structure displays the effects of the 8th or 9th century A.H. The same has been on record in Iran.
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Other tombs of the province are as follows: the Mir Shah Mahmood tomb in Lasht Nesh; Baba Vali in Daylaman; Mir Shamsedin Lahiji in Lahijan; Aqa Seyed Hossain Kiya in Astaneh Ashrafieh; Aqa Seyed Marandi in the east of Manjil; Peer Hassan and Peer Masoud in the north east of Lahijan; Soltan Mahmood Shah Dinvari in Khotbeh Sara; Soltan Mohammad Kiya in Lahijan; Peer Mahaleh Mausoleum in the Rankoo village of Roodsar; Aqa Seyed Ebrahim in Roodsar; ; Molla Aaqel Mausoleum in Lahijan; Aqa Seyed Qasem, to the east of Koochesfahan; Seyed Ali Qaznavi in Lahijan; Mir Shamseddin in Lahijan, Mir Nezameddin and the tomb of Dr. Heshmat in the Cheleh Khaneh locality of Rasht.
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The same was built by Haj Aqa Bozorg Monajem Bashi during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar, and was the old route from Lahijan to Langerood. This bridge spans over the Langerood River. It is 37 m. in length, with two arches supported by thick pillars.
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Also known as Shah Abbasi by the local inhabitants, this caravansary lies 35 km. south of Rasht. The same is devoid of any inscriptions, but according to historical texts, it was built in the year 1246 A.H. It has a square shaped yard with seven platforms and chambers. Its brick and mortar entrance is located in the east wing.
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Prior to the construction of the present Qazvin - Rasht Highway, and the new concrete bridge, the Old Loshan Bridge was the only means of connection across the Shah Rood River. Some researchers claim that it was built in the times of Khosrow Khan Gorji, the governor of Gilan during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar. But it seems to be a construction of the 9th century A.H. It is 102 m. in length, and has two small and two large arches. A large chamber at the base of the bridge provides shelter for caravans. The said bridge is a part of the history of the province.
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The Mian Poshteh Bridge is the bridge connecting the provinces of East Azarbayjan and Gilan. It was constructed in Mian Poshteh and Qazvin during the reign of Pahlavi I. Its length is 210 m. with a width of 10 m. and is of concrete. The same is one of the spectacular works of engineering in the current century. The bridge was completed in 1938. Another bridge 127 m. in length connects the Port of Anzali to Mian Poshteh and crosses the Anzali Wetland. It has three arches of which one measures 25 m.
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The same is located at a distance of 6 km. south west of Roodsar, and is on the Tamijan River, and related to the Safavid period. The foundation is made of brick, the floor is of stone and has four wide arches. Its length is 60 m. with a width of 5 m. There are a few chambers within the bridge, so as to shelter travelers.
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On the way from Lahijan to Daylaman is a small and ancient caravansary constructed of brick, stone and gypsum. The same dates back to the Safavid era. Its founder was Khanom Titi, an aunt of one of the Safavid rulers. The exterior walls are constructed of pebbles and mortar, and its interior sections of brick and gypsum. A part of the entrance is an octagonal vestibule with a spherical brick ceiling. It has two balconies overlooking the yard.
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These are the followings: The Lishavandan Bridge (Qajar period), Gaz Roodbar Bridge in the old Someeh Sara Road (Qajar era), the old bridge of Shafa Rood in Talesh (Qajar period), the Kheshti Bridge in Lahijan, the Kheshti Tajan Gookeh Lahijan Bridge (Qajar period), and the Kheshti Niyakoo Bridge en route from Lahijan to Rasht (Safavid period).
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One of the ancient houses of Langerood is the Darya Beigi house, one of the reputed families of Gilan. It is a double storied structure, and the rooms on the upper floor have latticed sash windows. This house has two large wooden doors with spikes and knockers. Flanking the doors are mantles with ancient mirrors. Each floor has three chambers, each accompanied by a beautiful balcony. The hall is adorned with paintings and valuable plaster work of the Qajar period. The interior adornments of this house are the important historical and artistic works of Gilan.
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The said is located in the Feshkalay locality, near the Sabzeh Maidan square in Langerood. This house belongs to the Monajem Bashi household, and is composed of the interior and exterior segments, private quarter, a mosque, bath and stables. Between the entrance and hall is a vestibule, which is connected to the upper floor by stairs. The upper floor comprises of a hall and three chambers. The adornments of the former depict the architectural effects of Gilan in the Qajar era. Four exquisite sets of doors displaying shrubs and floral designs, adjoin the chambers to the hall. This structure is registered as a national monument by the Cultural Heritage Organization.
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Other ancient houses of the province which are mostly relevant to the Qajar period are: The houses of Haj Mirza Ahmad Abrishami (Rasht), Ayatollah Aqa Roodbari (Rasht), Dewan Beigi (Rasht), Mohammad Sadeqi (Lahijan), Dawoodzadeh (Rasht), Haj Seyed Hashem Bahrani (Rasht) and Sardar Mowtamed Rashti.
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The above mentioned is one of the primary structures of the early Pahlavi period. It is located en route from Rasht to Anzali, and is the first school building in Gilan which is constructed on modern lines. The same is on national record. There is also another ancient school by the name of Shaheed Beheshti in Rasht which is related to the Qajar period.
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These bazaars are vicinities where various commodities are supplied, such as eatables and essentials that are commonly utilized. Women in beautiful local apparel offer their goods for sale in these bazaars and therefore these areas are a must for tourists to visits.
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These bazaars are the most bustling areas of Gilan. They comprise of open and covered stalls, centers for trading merchandise and are usually located in the heart of the city. All kinds of goods according to the tastes of customers are sold in these bazaars. Permanent bazaars like Rasht, Astara, Talesh, Roodbar and Someeh Sara are always active. Daily bazaars are also held, where the rural folk put up their goods for sale.
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These bazaars are held on certain day of the week, and more so in the smaller cities and large villages. Here poultry, meat and other commodities can be bought.
The most important weekly bazaars of the province are:
The SaturDay bazaar in Masal, Lulman, Anzali, Lasht Nesha, Dehshal and Langerood
The SunDay bazaar in Someeh Sara, Gasht, Roodkhan, Khammam, Peerbast, Lulman, Koochesfahan and Roodsar.
The MonDay bazaar in Kapur Chal, Ziabar, Shaft, Sangar, Hindkhaleh, Khoskbeejar, Astaneh, Siyahkal, and Rahim Abad
The TuesDay bazaar in Parehsar, Fooman, Lasht Nesha and Amlash.
The WednesDay bazaar in Rezvan Shahr, Kasma, Zeedeh, Chukam, Peerbast, Lulman, Koochesfahan and Langerood.
The ThursDay bazaar in Seyed Sharaf Shah, Taher Goorab, Zarmeekh and the FriDay bazaar and the permanent bazaar on the borders of Astara.
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Situated in the central part of Someeh Sara, this minaret stands as a remembrance of the grand minarets of the Saljuqi era. The same is 29 m. high and conical in shape, and adorned with brick work. The upper part of which is in ruined state and there is no significant inscription showing its date of construction.
Other minarets are the minarets of Kaldeh and Jame' Mosques, the Kasgar Bazaar minaret, and the minaret of the Jame' Mosque in Lahijan.
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The Golshan bath is in the ancient network of Lahijan, and is relevant to the reign of Fath Ali Shah. It comprises of two cloak rooms or sarbinehs. The larger one is for public use and the smaller for the elite. Internally it is an irregularly octagonal in shape, with eight cylindrical stone pillars supporting the brick domed ceiling.
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Other ancient baths of the province relevant to the Qajar era are: Haj Aqa Bozorg, Peersara, Haji in the township of Rasht; the ancient Kiakalayeh and Haj Mirza Ahmadi baths in Langerood, the Daylaman bath in Lahijan, the ancient Aqoular bath in Talesh, and the ancient baths of Golshan and Taher Goorab in the township of Fooman, related to the Qajar and early Pahlavi periods.
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To the south of the Komani village lays the above mentioned graveyard. Earthenware pieces as well as stones used for its construction, dispersed on the surface of the hillock, reveal the various Islamic civilizations that had a hold in this area. On the steep western slope of the hillock is an archaeological cemetery dating to the first millennium B.C., or the Parthian period. In this graveyard two types of graves can be noted. The first date to the early first millennium B.C. and are in the form of pits. The second are of the Parthian age and these graves are laid out. The corpse was laid on its right side and in a curved manner resembling a fetus. Objects such as grey colored earthenware, various kinds of urns, and articles used as adornments have come to hand in this cemetery.
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This cemetery is situated on the outskirts of the Komani Village, in the plains of 'Miarkesheh'. The same encompasses an aggregate of tombs related to the Sassanid period. Objects such as silver coins, related to the late Sassanid era, that is from the reigns of Hormoz IV and Yazdgerd III (632-651 A.D.), have been discovered in this vicinity. Besides which, weapons made of bronze and iron in various shapes have also come to hand. In order to cover the tombs, slabs of stone have been laid in layers. Articles within the tomb were either placed above the head or facing the deceased.
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The said is located at a distance of 2 km. from the village of 'Shah Jan', one of the enriched archaeological sites of Gilan. Remnants of crypt-like tombs of the Achaemenian era, tombs of the Parthian period, and those related to the early Islamic period can be observed here. On the level, as well as rocky surfaces, the remains of a castle of the Islamic period (relevant to the Esmaili sect) can be seen. Besides this graveyard, scattered pieces of earthenware in this cemetery dating to the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries A.H. are also evident.
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These are as follows: The Lashkastan Graveyard, the Sanjed Dareh Graveyard, the ancient Zargar Cheshmeh Graveyard and the Balla Mahaleh Komani cemetry.
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The same is an example of the evolution of architecture during the first decade of the Pahlavi reign. Built according to the western standards by German or Armenian architects, this aggregate is of importance due to these architectural techniques. Hence it is registered as a national monument by the Cultural Heritage Organization.
Other historical relics are: The Anzali Clock Tower (Qajar period), and the tower in the Clock square in the central square of Rasht (Pahlavi period).
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This mosque is located in the locality of Gabeneh, and is claimed to be the remains of a mosque dating back to the 4th century A.H. During the Safavid and Qajar periods it was reconstructed. According to an inscription dating 1239 A.H., a new mosque was built in its place and this was known as Akbarieh. The present construction is composed of two sections. The ablution segment, the nocturnal area and the porch form the older section; whereas, the three lengthy interconnecting chambers form the new section.
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The same is a rectangular structure with a porch on the west side. The columns of the mosque have geometrical patterns with spiral designs around it. This mosque probably dates back to the Safavid period.
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This mosque is situated near the Dinachal Village and amongst its remains are the signs of plaster work and an inscription in the Kufic script revealing its long history. The Espeyeh Mosque is the oldest in Gilan and due to the passage of time is now in a state of ruin. It is composed of four vestibules and a square porch. The said resembles a Zoroastrian fire-temple that existed before the advent of Islam. There is a possibility that the current structure has been constructed in place of the ancient one.
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The same is one of the reputed constructions of the province, built in the year 1206 A.H. located in Lasht Nesha, and registered by the Cultural Heritage Organization. Its inscription dates back to 1318 A.H. is on the portal and nocturnal area. Around these epigraphs are tiles adorned with verses from the Holy Qoran in the Tholth script. It is a double storied construction with fretwork.
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This Jame' Mosque and its neighboring monuments, the Chahar Shah, Golshan bath and the bazaar form a cultural and historical aggregate. The mosque was reconstructed by the ruler of the times, Ali Akbar Khan, according to the Qajar mode of architecture in the year 1331 A.H. Thus, effects of the Teimoorid and Safavid eras have almost disappeared from sight.
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As a construction of the Safavid period, it is one of the beautiful religious buildings in Rasht. It is so called after Mohammad Mirza, known as Safi Mirza, the eldest son of Shah Abbas. Shah Abbas named the same Shaheedieh as it was the site of the murder of young and innocent princes. The Safi Mosque has beautiful plaster and mosaic work. Not only is it important from the historical, cultural and artistic aspects, but also from the point of tourism view.
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The said is situated 5 km. south of Kalachay and is in the dense forest region. There is a porch running throughout the structure. There are two tombs in two segregated areas here, related to the above mentioned. The structure seems to be a remnant of the Safavid era. Its entrance doors are delicately carved and the most ancient date displayed by an epigraph goes back to 842 A.H. Holy verses of Qoran have been carved around the chest on the tomb and the inscription here reveals the date of 855 A.H. A metal sculpture has replaced the wooden one.
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This mausoleum is located in the Koochesfahan locality of Rasht. The tomb is in a rectangular structure reputedly known as 'Khesht Mosque'. The womens segment is to the northern side adorned with star like dimensions. The tombstone is of marble, to the four sides of which are engraved epigraphs dating 1023 A.H. This Imamzadeh is said to be a descendant of the 7th Imam of the Shi'ite sect.
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The said is located 4 km. to the north of Someeh Sara. According to the records, the above mentioned Imamzadehs are the descendants of the 7th Imam of the Shi'ite sect. The structure is a large and archaic one. In some sections it has been adorned with green tiles of the Qajar era. This mausoleum is in the midst of a huge cemetery called Kasma, where rebels of the Jungle Movement have been laid to rest.
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This mausoleum is famously known as the 'Do Baradar' or two brothers. The same is located in Tamijan and 5 km. southwest of Roodsar. The above mentioned are believed to be the descendants of Imam Moosa Kazem (A.S.). The mausoleum is an ancient structure with three vast porches on the three sides. There is an ancient wooden latticed work chest on the tomb. The internal walls of the mausoleum are adorned with religious imprints. One of the most archaic tomb stones reveal the date of 1120 A.H. The Seyed Kolsoom Mausoleum is also located in this vicinity, and is known as Khanom Astaneh. This venue is a pilgrimage site for women.
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The said is situated at a distance of 12 km. north east of Loshan. According to beliefs this is the resting abode of one of the descendants of Imam Ali (A.S.) and that of Imam Moosa Kazem (A.S.). The structure is octagonal in shape, and has been constructed of stone and gypsum. The same consists of an anteroom, a vast porch and the shrine itself. In the center of the court-yard is a large wooden sculpture. This pilgrimage site attracts visitors from all over the province.
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The same is located in a locality by the same name in Rasht. The portal is of glazed bricks and indicates the date 1290 A.H. There is also another inscription relevant to the reign of Nasseredin Shah, dating 1272 A.H. This inscription indicated a decree regarding the tax exemption of bakeries.
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The above mentioned is situated in the village of Masooleh. According to existing documents, this is the resting abode of Mohammad Hanifeh, the offspring of Imam Ali (A.S.). The mausoleum is an ancient octagonal structure with an extremely archaic valuable wooden and intricately carved door in its western section. In accordance to an epigraph on a column near the entrance, the structure was put under extensive repair during the reign of Fath Ali Shah. The most ancient date revealed here is one on the tombstone dating back to 969 A.H.
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