This palace was also called 'Daulat Khaneh-e-Mobarakeh Nagsh-e-Jahan' and the 'Daulat Khaneh Palace'. Its unique archaic architecture is related to the Safavid era. This edifice was constructed under the orders of Shah Abbas I. The monarch would receive special envoys in this palace and hold his audience here. Valuable miniature paintings, the works of the reputed artist of the times Reza Abbassi, and other traditional works of art can be noted here.

Plasterwork of the 'sound room' was modeled such that the acoustic affect produced natural and pleasant sounds. The sovereign and his guests would be spectators to polo, illuminations, fire-works and the dramatics that took place in the Nagsh-e-Jahan Square from the halls of this elegant palace.
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This structure is within the palace and was erected during the reign of Shah Abbas II with the aid of scaffolds. The roof of which is flat and supported by thick, tall columns covered with gold. The said structure was put under repair about fifty years ago, in order to prevent it from being destroyed.

The Chehel Sotune Palace and its garden cover an area of approximately 67,000 sq. m. This palace was constructed during the reign of Shah Abbas I. Shah Abbas II was also responsible for additions to this palace, such as the hall of mirrors, the hall of 18 pillars and two large chambers facing the north and south. The spectacular hall of mirrors with its decorative mirror work, tile work and paintings, along with its majestic porches and pool which faces this hall,

all add to its splendor. Interesting aspects of the Chehel Sotune Palace are: The stone lions at the four corners of the central pool, the hall and marble and vaulted cornices around it. The gilded adornments, paintings and the portrait of the sovereign in the royal hall. Along with that of the chambers surrounding the hall of mirrors. The portrait of Shah Abbas I with the special crown and the miniatures of the treasury room. Several facades such as the 'Qotbiyeh Mosque', 'Zaviyeh in Kushk', and the imprints of the 'Dar-e-Joubareh' and 'Aqasi Mosque' are affixed in the western and southern walls of the garden. The hall and porches of this palace were constructed during the fifth year of the reign of Shah Abbas II. The reflection of the twenty pillars of the hall in the pool opposite the palace brings about a conception of forty pillars. Hence the name Chehel Sotune.
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This garden is located to the south of the city of Kashan and near the village of Fin. The same was constructed on the former structures of the Al-e-Booyeh era. Its general layout and aqua system has been rendered special attention. This vicinity gained fame due to the murder of Amir Kabir, the reputed nationalist and Prime Minister (Grand Chancellor) of Nasereddin Shah Qajar. Amir Kabir was assassinated in a small bath here in the year 1268 A.H. by the order of the

Shah.This garden is a relic from the Safavid period, and has remained such for centuries due to the capacity of water it gains from the Soleimaniyeh spring. ToDay, this water flows into the 'Lasegah' pool after meandering through this beautiful garden, and providing water for the surrounding areas.

The structures of this garden are the entrance and its facade, tower and ramparts, the Safavid and Fathali Shah sections, chambers for the elite, the museum on the western side of the premises, the large and small bath and the library in the eastern sector of this garden.The covered construction housing the Shah Abbasi section is in two floors, this being in the center of the garden and opposite the grand facade. The construction of the same was completed in the year 1226 A.H. Here,

there are beautiful paintings and an inscription worked with plaster in the 'nastaliq' script. In the vicinity of this garden, several monarchs such as Shah Safi, Shah Soleiman, Shah Tahmasb, Shah Abbas, Karim Khan Zand and Fath Ali Shah have all contributed in the repair or making addition to the structures on the premises. However, these structures witnessed plunder in the early period of the constitutional revolution.
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This historical edifice was constructed during the reign of Shah Soleiman Safavid. ToDay, only a minor portion of the grounds remains. However, tile work with interesting designs, which are the remnants of this palace can be noted.

This ancient castle is located near the Alavian Mosque in the Babol Masjed locality. The architectural affects of this castle reveal that it was a fire temple in the pre-Islamic period. The same has been constructed of baked bricks, and dates back to the Parthian and Sassanid eras. The height of this castle from streets and alleys is 5 m. whereas, from the depth of the moat it is 40 m.
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Other castles in this province include the Rostam Bafaran, Neyestanak Castles in Naein, the Farfan Castle in Esfahan, Torshak Castle in the Marq Village of Esfahan, Deeyu and Jalali Castles in Kashan, Sangi Castle in the township of Semirom, and the Bozi Castle in Lanjan.
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The above mentioned took its foundation in the late Teimooride period, and was constructed according to what it is currently in 1060 AH, under the orders of Shah Abbas II. Its cubicles, adornments and tile work areinteresting aspects of this construction. There is a structure in the center of the bridge, known as the Beglarbegi construction. The same was used as a temporary residence for the royal family. The name of this bridge is a distorted version of the word 'Khajeh'which was a

This bridge connects the northern and southern banks of the Zayandeh Rood River. It is a remnant of the Safavid era, and toDay has undergone repairs repeatedly.
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<a class="Staticlink" href="#Rivers">
Zayandeh Rood River</a>

<a class="Staticlink" href="#Esfahan">
Esfahan</a>

<a class="Staticlink" href="#Rivers">Rivers</a>

The said bridge is narrow in width and 147 m. in length. It was constructed on the Zayandeh Rood River, between the two bridges of Allah Verdy Khan and Khajoo. The same is a remnant of Shah Abbas II. This bridge connects the royal gardens on the northern and southern banks of the Zayandeh Rood river, with that of the gardens of Sa'adat Abad and other reputed constructions. Besides being a promenade for the royalty, commanders, the elite and special envoys.
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This bridge is located in the east of Esfahan and is an interesting piece of architecture. The same is a relic of the Sassanid period.
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This bridge is approximately 300 m. in length and 14 m. in width, and is one of the masterpieces in bridge construction in Iran and the world. The same was constructed in 1005 A.H. under the supervision and expense of Allah Verdy Khan, one of the famous commanders of Shah Abbas Safavid I. The Armenians used to hold special festivities near this bridge in the Safavid period. It was constructed on the Zayandeh Rood River.

This caravansary with its four porches is to the dimensions of 82 x 89 sq. m. and with a rectangular courtyard covering an area of 48.30 x 38.70 sq. m. is located in the south of Esfahan in the village of Mahyar. The chambers of this caravansary are 4 x 5 sq. m. Structures such as the mill, bakery, traditional teahouse and bazaar of this caravansary bear historical value.
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The same lies in the Sansan Village, at a distance of 40 km. on the Qom - Kashan road. This is a square structure with four porches and constructed of brick, sun baked bricks and clay. Adornments of brick can be observed here. The facade displays 14 arched roofs, and the entrance hall has three arched ceilings and springs. Each of the four sections of this caravansary has 16 rooms.
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These are named as, Sheikh Ali Khan, Jarchi Bashi, Teemcheh-e-Jahangir, Saray-e-Sefid, Mirza Kuchak, Mir Ismail and Khansariha in the bazaar of Esfahan. Maranjab, Amin-ud-Douleh, Gomrok, Mooteh and Gabr Abad in Kashan. Bazaar-e-Zavareh in Zavareh, Behjat Abad on the Esfahan - Natanz Road, Chahar Borj on the Esfahan - Kashan Road, the Gez caravansary north of Esfahan, Bahram on the Esfahan - Tehran Road, Madar-e-Shah in the north of Esfahan, Taqi

Abad, Golgoon Abad, Yagmeesh and Khargoosh on the Esfahan Road, and Dambi caravansary amongst others in Esfahan Province.
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This historical site of 'Arisman' with 6000 years of antiquity is located in the Arisman Village in the township of Natanz. The same comprises of three archeological vicinities and lie in the skirts of the Karkas Mountains and to the north of it. This area resembles a workshop or foundry with colossal furnaces for the smelting of metals and the making of moulds. Earthenware evidences reveal that these are relics of the 4th and 1st millennium B.C. Other remnants are a brick construction

which was most probably a foundry, and a cemetery where an urn has been discovered.
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Approximately 4,500 years B.C., a community with an interesting civilization was settled in this area and their tools were of stone and bone. There is a possibility that the former residents of this region had succumbed to their successors. Here, Elamite slabs of clay have been found, and due to the links of this community with that of the civilization of Shoosh (Susa), about 5,500 years ago, they learned to write. Thereby, several clay slabs with the most ancient Elamite script are 

vestiges of this area. Evidences found in the cemetery between the two hillocks are related to the fresh immigrants to the Sialk Hill, which bears a strong resemblance to the discoveries in the Giyan Hillock of Nahavand and Khordin of Savoj Bollaq.
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The said fire-temple can be considered as one of the most ancient historical heritages of Esfahan. It is located at a short distance from the Zayandeh Rood, and distinctly draws ones attention in being outstanding in the western plains of Esfahan. Above the Kooh Sangy is a round and large clay brazier with a number of crevices. From where the fire was lighted even at the highest point of this vicinity and was capable of being seen even at a great distance. The walls of the fire-temple is a kind of platform, gradually beginning at the base and regaining a vast area in the upper portion, thus providing space for various rituals.
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The said brazier is related to the Achaemenian and Sassanid periods, but its pillars are from the Sassanid era. These are engraved with portraits of Khosrow Parviz on the upper part of the columns. One of the two of these pillars has been damaged.
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This fire-temple is located near the Natanz mosque and is amidst a platform which is at an elevation of 2 m. from ground level. Only two of its four ceilings that connected the structure to the dome made of stone remain. The main structure was constructed of stone slabs coated with gypsum.
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This tomb is located in the cemetry of Takht-e-Poullad, to the south of the Zayandeh Rood. This structure is in shape of a pyramid with twelve panels. The current structure is of the Shah Abbas period. The exterior and facade is worked in tiles. The base of the dome is five-sided with five porches surrounding the structure below. The tomb is located in one of these porches and has a marble tombstone of over 2 m. in length and 1.16 m. in width and marble slabs with the dimensions of 163 x 89 cm. are affixed vertically around. This tomb is a relic of the Safavid era and was repaired in the year 1200 A.H.
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This tomb lies to the west of the city of Kashan and near the large cemetery of the city. This tomb retained its simplicity according to the wish of the deceased, till recent years when certain renovations were performed.
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The said tomb is located to the north west of the Jame' mosque of Esfahan. Besides this tomb, there are other graves belonging to other personalities of the clergy are in this vicinity. The mausoleum is decorated with tiles, paintings and mirror work. The ancient facade has vaulted plaster, near which inscriptions dated 1093 A.H. can be noted.
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The tomb of one of the famed calligraphers of the 'nastaliq' script, known as Emad-ol-Molk and reputedly called Mir, is located in the small courtyard of the Maqsud Bek mosque. In this tomb there is a slab of marble (70 x 35 cm.) affixed to the eastern wall, the same being engraved with verses.
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This famous personality, a poet of the Safavid era has been laid to rest in Kashan. The small dome of the mausoleum is decorated in tiles, and the ceiling of the mausoleum is adorned with beautiful paintings. On the walls, verses from his poems have been inscribed in white on a navy blue back ground, in the 'nastaliq' script.
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This tomb is situated in the village of Peer-e-Bakran in Esfahan, and comprises of three sections, such as the porch, courtyard and high ceiling. The ceiling of the porch is adorned with the 'kufi' script, plaster work and floral design. The tomb is to the northern side of the mausoleum and near the chamber where this personality used to preach and utilize for worship. The mausoleum is adorned with tile and plasterwork and the walls between the tomb and courtyard are latticed. Here there are epigraphs in the 'kufi' script displaying religious verses. This structure was constructed in the year 703 A.H.
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This reputed poet was laid to rest in a vicinity known as Baq-e-Takiyeh. This site has taken inspiration from the architecture of the Safavid period. The same resembles a porch with a length of 14.20 m. its width and height being 6 and 8 m. respectively, and is at an elevation of about 2 m. from ground level, with ten steps surrounding it. The ceiling is designed with mirror work, and there are two entrances to the eastern and western sides of the porch, besides pillars and arches. The tombstone is in one piece of marble, and the old tomb stone is placed in the center of the grave. One of the poetical verses of this great poet has been inscribed on his tomb. Opposite this porch is a pool similar to that of the Chehel Sotune edifice.
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The tomb of Shah Abbas I is beneath a cubical slab of black and beautifully sculptured stone. Beneath which is a vault with three graves, one of these is that of the Safavid monarch. Nearby is the mausoleum of Habib-Ebne-Moosa (P.B.U.H.).
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The tomb of Sohrab Sepehry, the contemporary mystic and naturalist poet is located in the village of Mashhad Ardehal village near Kashan. A romantic texture is reflected in the works of this poet.
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These are named as, the Mir Fendereski, Shahzadehgan, Mirza Rafia, Valleh, Homami Shirazi, Mir Majdeddin Esmaeil Babol Dashti, Seyed Hojjat-ol- Islam Shafti, Baba Qasem, Al Raashed Balleh, Nezam-ol-Molk, Shahshehan, Khatoon Abadi, Haj Mohammad Jaffar Abadehi, Aqa Hossain Khansari, Khajeh Sa'ad, Sheikh Abol Qasem Nasr Abadi and Soltan Bakht Aqa Tombs in Esfahan. The Baba Afzal-e-Kashany and the Molla Fathollah tombs in Kashan.

The Seyed Vaqef tomb in the Afooshteh Village of Natanz . The Abdol Samad Natanzi (Samadiyeh) and the Mir Ahmad Nakhai (Chehel Dokhtaran) tombs in the township of Natanz.
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This minaret is located in the ancient square of Esfahan near the Ali Mosque, and is a construction of the 6th century A.H. The same displays fine brickwork and inscriptions in the 'kufi' script.

This minaret is situated in the Joobareh vicinity and is a vestige of the 8th century A.H., and is beautifully worked with tiles. Its name relates to the fact that this structure was near one of the royal gardens, where the falcons of the monarch, Shah Abbas I were housed.
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This dome is in the southwest of the city of Natanz, and located in the heights of the Karkas Mountains. This dome is octagon in shape, with an approximate diameter of 10.5 m, and to an elevation of 0.8 - 3 m. The dimension of each side is 3.34 m, and the diameter of its base or foundation is 1.80 m. This structure is constructed of brick and gypsum, and can be considered as a masterpiece of Iranian architecture.
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Another interesting relic of the Saljuqi period is the Chehel Dokhtar Minaret in Esfahan. The same is adorned with brick work and 'kufi' inscriptions. This Minaret was constructed in the year 501 A.H. by 'Abol Fath Nahuji' during the reign of Soltan Mohammad Ebne Malek Shah Saljuqi.

This brick minaret is in the Dardasht neighborhood of Esfahan, and is a vestige of the Saljuqi period. The diameter of the same is 2.22 m. The girth of its central column being 54 cm. and its walls to the thickness of 21cm.
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This structure comprises of a mausoleum and two minarets, constructed on the tomb of 'Amoo Abdollah' a reputed personality of the 8th century A.H. The tombstone reveals the date 716 A.H., coinciding with that of the reign of 'Oljaito' Ilkhan the Mongol. It is extremely interesting to note that on shaking one minaret, not only does the other move, but that the structure itself sways.

This round, cylindrically shaped brick minaret has been constructed on an octagonal base and its stone foundation comprises of sand, grit, limestone and ash. The foundation is 4.8 m in height, and the girth of the minaret at its base and top are 5.5 m. and 4.7 m. respectively. The thickness of its wall is 74 cm. and the total height of this structure is 21 m. The same was constructed in the year 555 A.H.
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The same is a remnant of the 6th century A.H., and is situated to the north of the 'Joobareh' neighbourhood, which is a part of the Hebrew locality of Esfahan. The architecture of this 54 m tall minaret is of the Saljuqi era, and the same is adorned with brick and tile work.
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The same is located in the Zayar village, east of the city of Esfahan. It is beautifully adorned with brickwork coupled with turquoise glazed tiles lining the fringes and the panels of the minaret. It is a relic of the Saljuqi era in the 6th century A.H. There is a strong possibility that it takes the name of Zayar from the time of the rule of Mardavij Zayari, who ruled in the early 4th century in Esfahan.
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These are named as, the Rahrovan Minaret, Darolziyafeh Minaret, the minaret and dome of the Sha'ya Mosque, the minaret and domes of the Shah Mosque and the Dardasht and Bakht Aqa Minarets in Esfahan.
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The said premise is located in Kashan and was constructed during the years 1292-1310 A.H. by 'Haj Seyed Jaffar Natanzi' a merchant who conducted business in Borujerd and Kashan as well. He constructed this house in order to evade religious levies. The entrance to the premises is from an octagonal vestibule and an area utilized by pageboys adorned with a number of multilateral crescents and skylights in the ceiling.Then a long corridor leads to the northern facade of the

building.Near the entrance is a five-door chamber with intricate plasterwork. This opens out on a large and roof less porch, capturing the warmth of the sun, and transferring the same to the small symmetrical chambers on either side of this porch. In the northeastern portion of the structure are the kitchen quarters, arranged with shelves, and a special area to provide space for china and other utilities. Whereas in the western and eastern sections are chambers and covered porches. Opposite which is a courtyard and a stairway connecting the main premises to the basement. The basement covers a vast area and is tastefully arranged with wide wall cupboards with carved and lattice worked wooden doors. On either side of the building is the main or entrance staircase leading to the southern part of the structure. Here there is a large porch with a high ceiling giving way to an entertainment hall. Behind which, on a lower level is an octagonal area with a pool or the 'hauz khaneh'. The same has a domed shaped roof and beautiful skylights. Here the ceiling is vaulted and worked with tiles in harmonious colors. On the walls, portraits of the Qajar sovereigns can be noted, with their guards in formal European apparel. This building is also equipped with cellars that are cool and pleasant for use in the heat of summer. Materials used in the construction of this structure are, stone, brick, sun baked bricks and a composition of clay, straw and mortar.
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Other ancient houses are the followings: Akhavan Kharrazi, Pirnia, Jamal Qodassieh, Sheikh-ol-Islam and Haj Mohammad Taqi Lavaf in Esfahan. Habibi and Sowt-ol-Molk in Khansar. Sarifian, Haj Seyed Aqa, Hakim Bashi, Haj Saleh, Lajeverdi, Naraqi, Tabatabaiha, Ameriha and many such ancient houses in Kashan, are archaic premises located in Esfahan Province.
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This ancient structure has four porches and a beautiful dome with two tile worked minarets. Its courtyard and chambers that are on a lower level display an attractive aspect. Below these chambers are is the pool and nocturnal area made use of in summer. The dome is built on an octagonal platform and is doubly covered. The lower covering bears the weight of the ceiling, conducting it to the pillars, and the other is the outer covering which aids in making the dome look larger. Skylights have been affixed to the dome, along with religious versus around the dome have provided a harmonious connection between the different sections of the structure.
The ceilings of the western and winter nocturnal areas are of plaster, which have been designed on simple lines besides which is the library. The porches display intricate tile work, indicating the traditional art and culture of this land and the tombs of several trustees can be noted in the western porch. This structure was constructed in the year 1268 A.H.
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This school was constructed for theological studies, late in the reign of Shah Soltan Hossain Safavid in the years 1116-1126 A.H. The artistic work on its dome is of tiles and the majestic entrance door is a matchless work of art, adorned with gold and silver.
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The same is located in the bazaar of Esfahan, and was a premise for prayer and theological studies by reputed clergies, named as, 'Molla Abdollah Shooshtari', during the reign of Shah Abbas I.
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These are the following: Baba Qasem, Jaddeh, Mirza Hossain, Kaseh Garan, Nimavard, Jalaliyeh, Shams Abad and the Bozorg Sadr School in Esfahan. The Alavi and Khansar Schools are other ancient schools of the province.
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This three storeyed building with its grand entrance is an affect of 'Farrokh Khan Qaffari-e-Kashi', (known as Aminodolleh) who completed this structure in the year 1285 A.H.
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This bazaar is a relic of the Safavid era and prolongs from the Qasariyeh facade to the Jame' Mosque. This bazaar is also known as the 'Bazaar-e-Nezamiyeh' or 'Nezam-ol-Molk'.
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One of the important and attractive structures of Kashan is its ancient and large bazaar. Its primary structure dates to the 7th century A.H. The same is extremely beautiful and has splendid ceilings. Here there are innumerable caravansaries, arcades, water reservoirs etc. present.
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The same is a relic of the Qajar period and is connected to the bazaar of Kashan by way of large wooden doorways.
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The said is a relic of the Qajar era. It is in three floors and has two courtyards.
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'Aqa Sharif FaDayi' constructed this three storied structure in the late Qajar period. Its interesting aspects are the vaulted tile work adorning the chambers and its beautiful paintings depicting hunting scenes.
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The same is located in the west of Kashan and is a relic from the Safavid era. Here the water system, adornments, the hot bath, cornices and tile work are worth noting.
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In this aggregate a small and a large bath are present. The ceilings adorned with paintings and fine marble columns are artistic affects here. The smaller bath has gained historical fame due to the assassination of Amir Kabir in this place.
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This beautiful structure is located amidst the Bazaar of Kashan, and can be accounted for as one of the fine examples in respect to architecture, adornments, capacity of water and the general plan. Its semi-arched roofs, walls and facade are worth observation.
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These are the following: Mir Seyed Ali, Masjed Vazir, Miyanchal, Abdol Razaq Khan Kashi, Gozarnou and Habib Ebne Moosa in Kashan. The water reservoirs of Haj Seyed Sadiq, Haj Seyed Qasem, Haj Seyed Morteza, Masjed Khaki, Dasht, Haj Mir Rahim, Meydan, and others in Naein. The water reservoir of the Shahidan locality in Herand is the ancient water reservoirs of this province.
These are named as, the Abdol Razaq Khan baths, Bazar, Molla Qobt, Mir Emad, Taher, Mansur, Panjeh Shah and Aqa baths in Kashan. Soltan Mir Ahmad, Rahnan, Gozarnou, Shah, Khan, Shah Ali, Sheikh Aba'ie, Shoori, and Saro Taqy baths in Esfahan. Afooshteh bath in Natanz and the Kaloon bath in Naein are ancient baths in Esfahan Province.
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The said cave dates to approximately 2000 years ago and nestles in the limestone hills overlooking the Niyasar Village of Kashan. This cave has been dug out with the help of primitive implements and resembles a meandering stony tunnel in the breast of the Karkas Mountains. The same comprises of long and narrow passages, several chambers and wells. It is well worth mentioning that appropriate gear is required to gain access to this vicinity.
The Niyasar Cave is in three floors, and has a number of wells. Its passages and chambers cover approximately 500 square meters. The underground tunnels or passages are less than one square meter in area, and in some locations measure 100 x 70 sq. cm. Vertically 45 wells are connected to each other at an average depth of 118 m. This cave has four entrances and is of two separate sections. The central sector comprises of seven chambers in variable heights and very skillfully carved out.
The same is connected to the floor beneath by the wells and halls. The other portion is a lengthy passage with a gradual incline and is connected to other wells, this ends in a beautiful hall. At the extreme end of this sector is a large area with several dug out chambers. The Niyasar Cave has 20 chambers, the largest of all being 28.6 sq. m. and the smallest 1.8 sq. m.
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This cave is located in the western mountains of the Cheshmeh-e-Lar in Khomeini Shahr. Within it is a chamber of sculptured stone, with an area of 3 x 3 sq. m.
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The limestone cave of Kalah Rood and the beautiful cave of the Alvijeh Village; Shah Shekar Cave located at a distance of 30 km. on the Shahreza - Semirom road; the Kukuloo Cave, 15 km. west of Esfahan; the Shah Qandab Cave southeast of Shahreza are worth mentioning in this province.
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Dovecotes or such turrets are in plenty in the agricultural vicinities of Esfahan. These have been built with the purpose of collecting the excreta of these birds. The turrets are topped with domes with crevices so as to facilitate the access and exit of these birds, and guide them to their nests within this structure. These are distinct examples of Iranian architecture and have been built of brick and gypsum. At present there are over 100 such dovecotes in Esfahan Province.
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This square is from the period of Shah Abbas I, and has a length of 500 m. from north to south, and its width being approximately 165 m. Surrounding this vicinity are the Abbasi Mosque and Sheikh Lotf Ol-lah Mosque, the Qaisarieh portal and the Ali Qapoo Edifice. During the reign of Shah Abbas I and his successors, this square was an area where festivities, polo, dramatics and military parades took place.

Around Esfahan are various such areas that are tourist attractions. These examples are the vicinities where the Iran-Arab combats took place, and that of Nader Shah and his battle against Ashraf Afqan. Besides the vicinity where Soltan Hossain fought against Mahmood Afqan.
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